Mitochondrial Complex I Activity Is Required for Maximal Autophagy

Cell Reports
Hala Elnakat ThomasCarol A Mercer

Abstract

Cells adapt to nutrient and energy deprivation by inducing autophagy, which is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs). We found that cell metabolism significantly influences the ability to induce autophagy, with mitochondrial complex I function being an important factor in the initiation, amplitude, and duration of the response. We show that phenformin or genetic defects in complex I suppressed autophagy induced by mTOR inhibitors, whereas autophagy was enhanced by strategies that increased mitochondrial metabolism. We report that mTOR inhibitors significantly increased select phospholipids and mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) in a complex I-dependent manner. We attribute the complex I autophagy defect to the inability to increase MAMs, limiting phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD) activity and mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine (mtPE), which support autophagy. Our data reveal the dynamic and metabolic regulation of autophagy.

Citations

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPase
lipidation
proximity ligation
transfections
FCS
Assay
PCR
NMR
PCA

Key Resources (RRID) Mentioned

CVCL_0045
CVCL_0063
CCVL_0023
CVCL_286
CVCL_0023
CVCL_0326

Software Mentioned

Fiji ImageJ
Chenomx
LiCOR
GraphPad Prism
Cor
AMIX
Li
Chenomx ®NMR Suite profiling
Topspin

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