Mitochondrial diseases and status epilepticus

Epilepsia
Shamima Rahman

Abstract

This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of status epilepticus in the context of primary mitochondrial disease. Epilepsy is common in mitochondrial disease, reported in >20% of adult cases and 40%-60% of pediatric cohorts. Status epilepticus is less frequently reported and appears to be associated with particular subgroups of mitochondrial disorders, namely defects of the mitochondrial DNA and its maintenance, and disorders of mitochondrial translation and dynamics. Mechanisms underlying mitochondrial status epilepticus are incompletely understood, and may include bioenergetic failure, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Treatments tried in mitochondrial status epilepticus include antiepileptic drugs, anesthetic agents, magnesium, high-dose steroids, immune globulins, vagus nerve stimulation, and surgical procedures, all with variable success. The outcome of mitochondrial status epilepticus is extremely poor, and effective therapeutic options have not been reported. Improved understanding of the mechanisms underpinning mitochondrial status epilepticus is needed in order to develop more effective treatments.

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May 19, 2019·Acta Neurologica Scandinavica·Sara MatricardiTiziana Granata
Jan 23, 2020·Epilepsy Currents·Stephen F TraynelisUNKNOWN National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)/American Epilepsy Society (AES) Epilepsy Research Benchmark
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Mar 30, 2021·Mitochondrion·Shareen SinghRupinder Kaur
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Jul 3, 2021·Children·Dorota Wesół-KucharskaAleksandra Jezela-Stanek

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