Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolism and ageing: shared mechanisms and outcomes?

Biogerontology
Guillermo López-LluchPlácido Navas

Abstract

Mitochondria are key in the metabolism of aerobic organisms and in ageing progression and age-related diseases. Mitochondria are essential for obtaining ATP from glucose and fatty acids but also in many other essential functions in cells including aminoacids metabolism, pyridine synthesis, phospholipid modifications and calcium regulation. On the other hand, the activity of mitochondria is also the principal source of reactive oxygen species in cells. Ageing and chronic age-related diseases are associated with the deregulation of cell metabolism and dysfunction of mitochondria. Cell metabolism is controlled by three major nutritional sensors: mTOR, AMPK and Sirtuins. These factors control mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics by regulating fusion, fission and turnover through mito- and autophagy. A complex interaction between the activity of these nutritional sensors, mitochondrial biogenesis rate and dynamics exists and affect ageing, age-related diseases including metabolic disease. Further, mitochondria maintain a constant communication with nucleus modulating gene expression and modifying epigenetics. In this review we highlight the importance of mitochondria in ageing and the repercussion in the progression of age-related ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 10, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Guglielmina ChimientiAngela Maria Serena Lezza
Oct 6, 2018·Biogerontology·Lorna Harries, Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
Jan 18, 2021·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Guillermo López-Lluch
Dec 31, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alessandra GarganoAndras Bilkei-Gorzo
Jul 28, 2019·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Carlos Marques PalmeiraAnabela Pinto Rolo
Apr 12, 2021·Irish Journal of Medical Science·Xiaohong YouChangzheng Xin
Nov 11, 2020·Experimental Gerontology·Daniel J Moreno Fernández-AyalaGuillermo López-Lluch
Apr 21, 2021·BioFactors·Plácido NavasCarlos Santos-Ocaña
Aug 8, 2020·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development·Anna Gioran, Niki Chondrogianni
Apr 18, 2020·Developmental Cell·Birgit GerischAdam Antebi
Aug 3, 2021·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Dan-Dan ZhouHua-Bin Li

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
GTPases
ubiquitination
acetylation

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