Mitochondrial "swirls" induced by oxygen stress and in the Drosophila mutant hyperswirl

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
David W Walker, S Benzer

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the aging process as well as a wide range of hereditary and age-related diseases. Identifying primary events that result from acute oxidative stress may provide targets for therapeutic interventions that preclude aging. By using electron microscopy, we have discovered a striking initial pattern of degeneration of the mitochondria in Drosophila flight muscle under hyperoxia (100% O2). Within individual mitochondria, the cristae become locally rearranged in a pattern that we have termed a "swirl." Serial sections through individual mitochondria reveal the reorganization of the cristae in three dimensions. The cristae involved in a swirl are deficient in respiratory enzyme cytochrome c oxidase activity, within an otherwise cytochrome c oxidase-positive mitochondrion. In addition, under hyperoxia cytochrome c undergoes a conformational change, manifested by display of an otherwise hidden epitope. The conformational change is correlated with widespread apoptotic cell death in the flight muscle, as revealed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. In normal flies, mitochondrial swirls accumulate slowly with age. To in...Continue Reading

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