Mitotic tethers connect sister chromosomes and transmit "cross-polar" force during anaphase A of mitosis in PtK2 cells

Biomedical Optics Express
Matthew OnoMichael W Berns

Abstract

Originally described in crane-fly spermatocytes, tethers physically link and transmit force between the ends of separating chromosomes. Optical tweezers and laser scissors were used to sever the tether between chromosomes, create chromosome fragments attached to the tether which move toward the opposite pole, and to trap the tethered fragments. Laser microsurgery in the intracellular space between separating telomeres reduced chromosome strain in half of tested chromosome pairs. When the telomere-containing region was severed from the rest of the chromosome body, the resultant fragment either traveled towards the proper pole (poleward), towards the sister pole (cross-polar), or movement ceased. Fragment travel towards the sister pole varied in distance and always ceased following a cut between telomeres, indicating the tether is responsible for transferring a cross-polar force to the fragment. Optical trapping of cross-polar traveling fragments places an upper boundary on the tethering force of ~1.5 pN.

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Citations

Jul 28, 2020·Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology·Brandt Warecki, William Sullivan
Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Michael W Berns
Mar 16, 2018·Biomedical Optics Express·Paul CampagnolaGiovanni Volpe

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