Mitral annular calcium causing mitral stenosis

The American Journal of Cardiology
Gregg S PressmanSalman M Muddassir

Abstract

Mitral annular calcium (MAC) is a common finding at echocardiography, although it is an unusual cause of severe mitral stenosis. Although MAC is known to be associated with atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease, little is known about its natural history as affects mitral valve function. This report describes a cohort of 37 outpatients with severe MAC (>5 mm) of whom 32 were followed longitudinally with echocardiography (mean follow-up 2.6 + or - 1.6 years). Progression of the mitral valve gradient occurred in 16 of 32 (50%). There was wide variation in rate of progression with a few subjects demonstrating a rapid increase in gradient, up to 9 mm Hg/year. Progression of mitral valve gradient correlated with baseline gradient at rest and with severity of overall cardiac calcification as measured by a semiquantitative echocardiographic score. Age at index echocardiogram was inversely related to mitral valve gradient after baseline, suggesting that calcification may proceed at a greater rate in younger patients. In conclusion, although severe mitral stenosis is uncommon in patients with MAC, those with a pre-existing gradient at rest and severe overall cardiac calcification appear to be at greater risk for development of this ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 22, 2012·Journal of Postgraduate Medicine·S SinglaA Agarwal
Jun 26, 2012·BMJ Case Reports·Arunkumar PanneerselvamPanneerselvam Subbiahnadar
Jan 9, 2016·The American Journal of Cardiology·Jose N CodolosaGregg S Pressman
Jul 24, 2013·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Rajesh MovvaGregg S Pressman
Nov 1, 2015·The American Journal of Cardiology·Nikoloz KoshkelashviliGregg S Pressman
Sep 12, 2015·The American Journal of Cardiology·Adaya Weissler-SnirAlik Sagie
Oct 10, 2013·BioMed Research International·Gregg S PressmanVincent M Figueredo
Apr 4, 2015·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Gregg S PressmanMaurice Enriquez-Sarano
Aug 11, 2012·American Heart Journal·Jeffrey J Silbiger
Oct 16, 2016·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Marvin Louis Roy LuGregg S Pressman
May 5, 2016·Circulation·Karan SudSamir R Kapadia
Nov 16, 2018·Echocardiography·Aline IskandarGerard P Aurigemma
May 31, 2013·Journal of Biomechanical Engineering·Tarrah A HerrmannAjit P Yoganathan
Jan 30, 2014·Cardiology in the Young·Christine HertwigKai-Thorsten Laser
Apr 14, 2017·European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery·Kareem SalhiyyahSteve Livesey
Jul 9, 2017·Current Cardiology Reports·Serge C Harb, Brian P Griffin
Jan 26, 2011·Nature Reviews. Cardiology·Bernard Iung, Alec Vahanian
Mar 9, 2019·European Journal of Preventive Cardiology·Pompilio FaggianoGregg Pressman
Feb 17, 2021·PloS One·Philip C WienerGregg S Pressman
Jun 20, 2020·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Shantanu P Sengupta, Jagdish C Mohan
Jul 13, 2021·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Daniel S CormicanHarish Ramakrishna

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