Mixing zone and drinking water intake dilution factor and wastewater generation distributions to enable probabilistic assessment of down-the-drain consumer product chemicals in the U.S

The Science of the Total Environment
Katherine E KapoRaghu Vamshi

Abstract

Environmental exposure and associated ecological risk related to down-the-drain chemicals discharged by municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are strongly influenced by in-stream dilution of receiving waters which varies by geography, flow conditions and upstream wastewater inputs. The iSTREEM® model (American Cleaning Institute, Washington D.C.) was utilized to determine probabilistic distributions for no decay and decay-based dilution factors in mean annual and low (7Q10) flow conditions. The dilution factors derived in this study are "combined" dilution factors which account for both hydrologic dilution and cumulative upstream effluent contributions that will differ depending on the rate of in-stream decay due to biodegradation, volatilization, sorption, etc. for the chemical being evaluated. The median dilution factors estimated in this study (based on various in-stream decay rates from zero decay to a 1h half-life) for WWTP mixing zones dominated by domestic wastewater flow ranged from 132 to 609 at mean flow and 5 to 25 at low flow, while median dilution factors at drinking water intakes (mean flow) ranged from 146 to 2×10(7) depending on the in-stream decay rate. WWTPs within the iSTREEM® model were used to gener...Continue Reading

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Dec 30, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Jacelyn Rice, Paul Westerhoff

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Citations

May 9, 2016·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Katherine E KapoCharlotte White-Hull
Jun 24, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Katherine E KapoKathleen McDonough
Apr 30, 2021·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Emily E BurnsIain A Davies

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