Mixture Effects of Estrogenic Pesticides at the Human Estrogen Receptor α and β.

PloS One
Bettina SeegerPablo Steinberg

Abstract

Consumers of fruits and vegetables are frequently exposed to small amounts of hormonally active pesticides, some of them sharing a common mode of action such as the activation of the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) or β (hERβ). Therefore, it is of particular importance to evaluate risks emanating from chemical mixtures, in which the individual pesticides are present at human-relevant concentrations, below their corresponding maximum residue levels. Binary and ternary iso-effective mixtures of estrogenic pesticides at effect concentrations eliciting a 1 or 10% effect in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol were tested experimentally at the hERα in the yeast-based estrogen screen (YES) assay as well as in the human U2-OS cell-based ERα chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (ERα CALUX) assay and at the hERβ in the ERβ CALUX assay. The outcome was then compared to predictions calculated by means of concentration addition. In most cases, additive effects were observed with the tested combinations in all three test systems, an observation that supports the need to expand the risk assessment of pesticides and consider cumulative risk assessment. An additional testing of mixture effects at the hERβ showed that most test su...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Aug 11, 2018·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Ondrej AdamovskyChristopher J Martyniuk
Aug 25, 2020·Reviews on Environmental Health·William H GoodsonDavid O Carpenter
Oct 19, 2017·Archives of Toxicology·T HeiseP Marx-Stoelting
Feb 8, 2021·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·Ankita SinhaHuimin Zhao
Mar 2, 2021·Pest Management Science·Christian RitzAndrew Kniss
Aug 12, 2021·Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·C ReidelbachO Polydorou

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Assay

Software Mentioned

R
R Foundation for Statistical

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