Mixture toxicity of the antiviral drug Tamiflu((R)) (oseltamivir ethylester) and its active metabolite oseltamivir acid

Aquatic Toxicology
Beate I EscherJürg Oliver Straub

Abstract

Tamiflu (oseltamivir ethylester) is an antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza A and B. The pro-drug Tamiflu is converted in the human body to the pharmacologically active metabolite, oseltamivir acid, with a yield of 75%. Oseltamivir acid is indirectly photodegradable and slowly biodegradable in sewage works and sediment/water systems. A previous environmental risk assessment has concluded that there is no bioaccumulation potential of either of the compounds. However, little was known about the ecotoxicity of the metabolite. Ester hydrolysis typically reduces the hydrophobicity and thus the toxicity of a compound. In this case, a zwitterionic, but overall neutral species is formed from the charged parent compound. If the speciation and predicted partitioning into biological membranes is considered, the metabolite may have a relevant contribution to the overall toxicity. These theoretical considerations triggered a study to investigate the toxicity of oseltamivir acid (OA), alone and in binary mixtures with its parent compound oseltamivir ethylester (OE). OE and OA were found to be baseline toxicants in the bioluminescence inhibition test with Vibrio fischeri. Their mixture effect lay between predictions for concentratio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 4, 2011·Environmental Health Perspectives·Andrew C SingerRichard J Williams
Jul 26, 2014·Journal of Hazardous Materials·M I VasquezD Fatta-Kassinos
Jan 11, 2012·Environmental Pollution·Hana MestankovaSilvio Canonica
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Jan 24, 2019·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Sara DallarésMontserrat Solé
May 30, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Krystian Miazek, Beata Brozek-Pluska
Nov 5, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Christina NannouDimitra Lambropoulou
Apr 9, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Beate I Escher, Kathrin Fenner

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