Mobile Elements Shape Plastome Evolution in Ferns

Genome Biology and Evolution
Tanner A RobisonEric Schuettpelz

Abstract

Plastid genomes display remarkable organizational stability over evolutionary time. From green algae to angiosperms, most plastid genomes are largely collinear, with only a few cases of inversion, gene loss, or, in extremely rare cases, gene addition. These plastome insertions are mostly clade-specific and are typically of nuclear or mitochondrial origin. Here, we expand on these findings and present the first family-level survey of plastome evolution in ferns, revealing a novel suite of dynamic mobile elements. Comparative plastome analyses of the Pteridaceae expose several mobile open reading frames that vary in sequence length, insertion site, and configuration among sampled taxa. Even between close relatives, the presence and location of these elements is widely variable when viewed in a phylogenetic context. We characterize these elements and refer to them collectively as Mobile Open Reading Frames in Fern Organelles (MORFFO). We further note that the presence of MORFFO is not restricted to Pteridaceae, but is found across ferns and other plant clades. MORFFO elements are regularly associated with inversions, intergenic expansions, and changes to the inverted repeats. They likewise appear to be present in mitochondrial and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 20, 2020·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Jong-Soo KangQiao-Ping Xiang
Apr 27, 2021·Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources·Hyoung Tae Kim, Jung Sung Kim
May 11, 2021·American Journal of Botany·Blake D FauskeeAmanda L Grusz
Sep 18, 2021·Genome Biology and Evolution·Joseph L M CharboneauMichael J Sanderson

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