Modalities for Visualization of Cortical Bone Remodeling: The Past, Present, and Future

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Kimberly D Harrison, David M L Cooper

Abstract

Bone's ability to respond to load-related phenomena and repair microdamage is achieved through the remodeling process, which renews bone by activating groups of cells known as basic multicellular units (BMUs). The products of BMUs, secondary osteons, have been extensively studied via classic two-dimensional techniques, which have provided a wealth of information on how histomorphology relates to skeletal structure and function. Remodeling is critical in maintaining healthy bone tissue; however, in osteoporotic bone, imbalanced resorption results in increased bone fragility and fracture. With increasing life expectancy, such degenerative bone diseases are a growing concern. The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of BMUs and their correlation to function, however, are not well-characterized and little is known about the specific mechanisms that initiate and regulate their activity within cortical bone. We believe a key limitation has been the lack of 3D information about BMU morphology and activity. Thus, this paper reviews methodologies for 3D investigation of cortical bone remodeling and, specifically, structures associated with BMU activity (resorption spaces) and the structures they create (secondary osteons), spanning from hi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 2, 2018·Royal Society Open Science·A A FelderM Doube
Jul 3, 2020·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Kim D HarrisonDavid Ml Cooper
May 19, 2019·Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology·Ivan GiorgioTomasz Lekszycki
Sep 15, 2016·Current Osteoporosis Reports·D M L CooperJ D Johnston
Feb 23, 2019·Forensic Sciences Research·Janna M AndronowskiMiriam Soto Martinez
Oct 26, 2020·Micron : the International Research and Review Journal for Microscopy·Isabel S MaggianoDavid Ml Cooper

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
X-ray

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