Modeling of mammalian olfactory receptors and docking of odorants

Biophysics Reviews
Guillaume LaunayJean-François Gibrat

Abstract

Olfactory receptors (ORs) belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the second largest class of genes after those related to immunity, and account for about 3 % of mammalian genomes. ORs are present in all multicellular organisms and represent more than half the GPCRs in mammalian species (e.g., the mouse OR repertoire contains >1,000 functional genes). ORs are mainly expressed in the olfactory epithelium where they detect odorant molecules, but they are also expressed in a number of other cells, such as sperm cells, although their functions in these cells remain mostly unknown. It has recently been reported that ORs are present in tumoral tissues where they are expressed at different levels than in healthy tissues. A specific OR is over-expressed in prostate cancer cells, and activation of this OR has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of these cells. Odorant stimulation of some of these receptors results in inhibition of cell proliferation. Even though their biological role has not yet been elucidated, these receptors might constitute new targets for diagnosis and therapeutics. It is important to understand the activation mechanism of these receptors at the molecular level, in particular to be abl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 25, 2019·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Donatella LoruM Eugenia Sanz
Dec 7, 2018·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Sung-Joon LeeHanns Hatt
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Jun 6, 2015·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·Claire A de MarchJérôme Golebiowski
Jul 9, 2021·Current Research in Structural Biology·Amara JabeenShoba Ranganathan

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