Modeling the effect of HIV coinfection on clearance and sustained virologic response during treatment for hepatitis C virus

Epidemics
Ruthie BirgerBryan Grenfell

Abstract

HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is a major concern in global health today. Each pathogen can exacerbate the effects of the other and affect treatment outcomes. Understanding the within-host dynamics of these coinfecting pathogens is crucial, particularly in light of new, direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV treatment that are becoming available. In this study, we construct a within-host mathematical model of HCV/HIV coinfection by adapting a previously published model of HCV monoinfection to include an immune system component in infection clearance. We explore the effect of HIV-coinfection on spontaneous HCV clearance and sustained virologic response (SVR) by building in decreased immune function with increased HIV viral load. Treatment is modeled by modifying HCV burst-size, and we use clinically-relevant parameter estimates. Our model replicates real-world patient outcomes; it outputs infected and uninfected target cell counts, and HCV viral load for varying treatment and coinfection scenarios. Increased HIV viral load and reduced CD4(+) count correlate with decreased spontaneous clearance and SVR chances. Treatment efficacy/duration combinations resulting in SVR are calculated for HIV-positive and negative patient...Continue Reading

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Jul 7, 2018·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Naveen KumarBarry T Rouse
Jul 3, 2019·Mathematical Medicine and Biology : a Journal of the IMA·Vardayani RattiDorothy I Wallace
Jun 23, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joseph B Bak-ColemanElke U Weber

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