Modeling the Fear Effect in Predator-Prey Interactions with Adaptive Avoidance of Predators

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology
Xiaoying Wang, Xingfu Zou

Abstract

Recent field experiments on vertebrates showed that the mere presence of a predator would cause a dramatic change of prey demography. Fear of predators increases the survival probability of prey, but leads to a cost of prey reproduction. Based on the experimental findings, we propose a predator-prey model with the cost of fear and adaptive avoidance of predators. Mathematical analyses show that the fear effect can interplay with maturation delay between juvenile prey and adult prey in determining the long-term population dynamics. A positive equilibrium may lose stability with an intermediate value of delay and regain stability if the delay is large. Numerical simulations show that both strong adaptation of adult prey and the large cost of fear have destabilizing effect while large population of predators has a stabilizing effect on the predator-prey interactions. Numerical simulations also imply that adult prey demonstrates stronger anti-predator behaviors if the population of predators is larger and shows weaker anti-predator behaviors if the cost of fear is larger.

References

Nov 7, 1999·Journal of Mathematical Biology·K CookeX Zou
Aug 5, 2004·Journal of Mathematical Biology·Stephen A Gourley, Yang Kuang
Feb 17, 2007·Science·Scott CreelJohn A Winnie
Oct 11, 2007·The American Naturalist·Vlastimil Krivan
Oct 27, 2007·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Wendi WangYasuhiro Takeuchi
Mar 1, 2008·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Scott Creel, David Christianson
Feb 21, 2009·Bulletin of Mathematical Biology·Yasuhiro TakeuchiShingo Iwami
May 12, 2009·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Michael J SheriffRudy Boonstra
Aug 8, 2009·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Steven L Lima
Aug 11, 2011·The American Naturalist·Masato YamamichiAkira Sasaki
Aug 11, 2011·The American Naturalist·Thomas Owens SvennungsenOlof Leimar
Mar 24, 2016·Journal of Mathematical Biology·Xiaoying WangXingfu Zou

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 16, 2021·Bulletin of Mathematical Biology·Ao Li, Xingfu Zou

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.