Modeling Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy in Mice
Abstract
Figure 1. Main Applications of Mouse Models for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy. Immunodeficient mice xenografted with human cancer cell lines have been at the foundation of in vivo cancer research for several decades, providing ground for the regulatory approval of multiple chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer agents, but are intrinsically unsuitable for studying tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Similarly, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) established in immunodeficient mice are not subjected to immunosurveillance by the host, although (depending on the protocol employed for PDX generation) some components of the patient's immune system may also be transferred to the mouse and be active, at least for some time. Considerable efforts are being devoted to the generation of humanized mice to circumvent these limitations. The establishment of PDXs in immunodeficient mice that are also engrafted with matched patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is also being investigated as a means to screen for the efficacy of (immuno)therapeutic agents in support of clinical decision making. Mouse cancer cell lines grafted subcutaneously or orthotopically in immunocompetent syngeneic hosts have been instrumental fo...Continue Reading
Citations
Dynamic single-cell RNA sequencing identifies immunotherapy persister cells following PD-1 blockade.
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