Modelling quantities and qualities (Q&Q) of faecal sludge in Hanoi, Vietnam and Kampala, Uganda for improved management solutions

Journal of Environmental Management
Miriam EnglundLinda Strande

Abstract

The importance of faecal sludge management is gaining recognition. However, methods are still lacking to reasonably estimate the quantities and qualities (Q&Q) that need to be managed, which makes the planning for and implementing of management solutions quite difficult. The objective of this study was to collect and analyse Q&Q of faecal sludge at a citywide scale, and to evaluate whether "SPA-DET" data (=> spatially analysable - demographic, environmental and technical) could then be used as predictors of Q&Q of faecal sludge. 60 field samples and questionnaires from Hanoi and 180 from Kampala were analysed. Software tools were used in an iterative process to predict total solids (TS) and emptying frequency in both Hanoi, Vietnam and Kampala, Uganda. City-specific data could be predicted with types of "SPA-DET" data as input variables, and model performance was improved by analysing septic tanks and pit latrines separately. Individual models were built for TS concentrations and emptying frequency. In addition, a model was built across both cities for emptying frequency of septic tanks based on number of users and containment volume, indicating predictive models can be relevant for multiple cities. Number of users, containment...Continue Reading

References

Feb 23, 2012·BMC Public Health·Thi Thanh Xuan LeFlemming Konradsen
Mar 15, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Pierre-Henri DodaneLinda Strande
Aug 30, 2013·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Tarek Elmitwalli
Sep 8, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Hans-Joachim Mosler, Ina Lucia Sonego

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