Modes of Cell Death Induced by Photodynamic Therapy Using Zinc Phthalocyanine in Lung Cancer Cells Grown as a Monolayer and Three-Dimensional Multicellular Spheroids

Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
Sello Lebohang ManotoHeidi Abrahamse

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves interaction of a photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen which produces singlet oxygen and subsequent tumour eradication. The development of second generation photosensitizers, such as phthalocyanines, has improved this technology. Customary monolayer cell culture techniques are, unfortunately, too simple to replicate treatment effects in vivo. Multicellular tumour spheroids may provide a better alternative since they mimic aspects of the human tumour environment. This study aimed to profile 84 genes involved in apoptosis following treatment with PDT on lung cancer cells (A549) grown in a monolayer versus three-dimensional multicellular tumour spheroids (250 and 500 μm). Gene expression profiling was performed 24 h post irradiation (680 nm; 5 J/cm²) with zinc sulfophthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix) to determine the genes involved in apoptotic cell death. In the monolayer cells, eight pro-apoptotic genes were upregulated, and two were downregulated. In the multicellular tumour spheroids (250 µm) there was upregulation of only 1 gene while there was downregulation of 56 genes. Apoptosis in the monolayer cultured cells was induced via both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, in ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 26, 2018·Lasers in Medical Science·Arezoo Rezaie Nezhad ZamaniReza Rahbarghazi
Jul 4, 2020·Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry·Giftson J SenapathyHeidi Abrahamse

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
flow cytometry
RNA assay
PCR

Software Mentioned

SABiosciences Excel - based Data Analysis
Excel

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