Modulation of host cell responses and evasion strategies for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Virus Research
Dongwan YooHsiao-Ching Liu

Abstract

The immune surveillance system protects host cells from viral infection, and viruses have evolved to escape this system for efficient proliferation in the host. Host cells produce cytokines and chemokines in response to viral infection, and among such effector molecules, type I interferons are the principal antiviral cytokines and therefore effective targets for viruses to disarm host surveillance. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) expresses proteins that circumvent the IFN response and other cellular processes, and to compensate the small coding capacity of PRRSV, these proteins are multifunctional. To date, at least four viral proteins have been identified and studied as viral antagonists of host defenses: N as a structural protein and three non-structural proteins, Nsp1 (Nsp1α and Nsp1β), Nsp2, and Nsp11. Among these, N and Nsp1 are nuclear-cytoplasmic proteins distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. Nsp1 and Nsp2 are viral proteases while Nsp11 is an endoribonuclease. This review describes the current understanding of the role of these proteins in modulating the host innate immune responses. Blocking against virus-mediated inhibition of the innate response may lead to the future dev...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 5, 2014·The Journal of Microbiology·Sang-Im Yun, Young-Min Lee
Dec 14, 2011·Animal Health Research Reviews·Yongming SangFrank Blecha
Jun 22, 2012·Animal Health Research Reviews·Gourapura J RenukaradhyaDavid Benfield
Sep 16, 2011·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Xiaoyu GuoJ M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Sep 21, 2010·Virus Research·Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Sanipa Suradhat
Mar 1, 2012·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·R R R Rowland, R B Morrison
Jan 10, 2012·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·X J Meng
Jul 23, 2013·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·Guilan WenWeihuan Fang
Dec 3, 2014·Veterinary Microbiology·Mingyuan Han, Dongwan Yoo
Feb 7, 2012·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Stefanie S JourdanJulian A Hiscox
Jan 1, 2014·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Massimo Amadori, Elisabetta Razzuoli
Jul 28, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Obdulio García-NicolásArtur Summerfield

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPase
bronchoalveolar lavage
confocal microscopy
X-ray
nuclear translocation
2-hybrid
sumoylation
deubiquitinases

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