PMID: 7527810Jan 1, 1995Paper

Modulation of immunogenicity and antigenicity of proteins by maleylation to target scavenger receptors on macrophages

The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists
R AbrahamS Rath

Abstract

We have maleylated proteins to target macrophage-specific scavenger receptors and have used this system to study changes in the epitopes and immunogenicity of such proteins. We show that maleylation of diphtheria toxoid (DT) induces targeting to macrophage scavenger receptors and enhances its immunogenicity. DT does not evoke detectable serum Ab responses upon injection as soluble protein. However, maleylated DT (mDT) does generate a significant Ab response. Furthermore, immunization with soluble mDT leads to a better T cell proliferative response in vitro than immunization with DT can generate, thereby demonstrating that maleylation leads to enhanced T cell immunogenicity in vivo. We also find that maleylation disrupts the native B cell epitopes of DT and creates new epitopes, because antisera to DT and mDT do not cross-react. At least some of the new epitopes generated are maleylation specific, because antisera against various maleylated proteins do cross-react. In contrast, maleylation does not significantly modify the repertoire of T cell epitopes generated from DT, because T cells generated by either DT or mDT immunization are cross-reactive, and both DT and mDT can stimulate T cells that are specific for single synthetic ...Continue Reading

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Avian Influenza: Innate Immune Adjuvant

Adjuvants systems that are added to vaccines against avian influenza have be explored to enhance the innate immune system response against the virus. Here is the latest research on avian influenza and the innate immune adjuvant.

Avian Influenza: Innate Immune Adjuvant (ASM)

Adjuvants systems that are added to vaccines against avian influenza have be explored to enhance the innate immune system response against the virus. Here is the latest research on avian influenza and the innate immune adjuvant.