Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of nodular goiters, thyroid nodules and adenomas

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association
M Derwahl

Abstract

One of the most significant results of recent molecular thyroid research on the pathogenesis of nodular goiters may be the finding that not only thyroid adenomas but also many thyroid nodules are clonal in origin and thus are true benign tumors. Both clonal and polyclonal nodules may coexist within the same nodular goiter. Since clonal nodules may secondarily acquire a heterogeneous phenotype, they can become morphologically indistinguishable from polyclonal lesions. The molecular mechanisms that generate thyroid nodules and adenomas are still poorly understood. Certainly, the recent detection of activating mutations in the TSH receptor and the Gs alpha gene in a subset of toxic thyroid adenomas and nodules may explain the generation of hyperfunction in these tumors, but there is strong evidence that these mutations are not the unique and primary cause of tumor formation. In this respect the concept of natural occurring heterogeneity of thyroid growth and function can provide a plausible explanation for the early stages of nodular transformation: If a thyrocyte has a high intrinsic growth potential or if it is affected by overexpression of a protooncogene or a growth factor or hit by an oncogene or other molecular events, the c...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 26, 2000·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·P BiancoP G Robey
Sep 26, 2003·Pathology International·Ichiro MoriKennichi Kakudo
Nov 26, 2015·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·Hongmei ZhangQing Su
Apr 6, 2001·Baillière's Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·M Derwahl, H Studer
Feb 23, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Giulia BriganteBruno Madeo
Feb 24, 2001·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·J MellerW Becker
Feb 11, 2021·The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging : Official Publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of Radiopharmaceutica·Jérôme Clerc

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