Molecular biomarkers in gastro-esophageal cancer: recent developments, current trends and future directions

Cancer Cell International
Francesca BattaglinHeinz-Josef Lenz

Abstract

Gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA) represent a severe global health burden and despite improvements in the multimodality treatment of these malignancies the prognosis of patients remains poor. HER2 overexpression/amplification has been the first predictive biomarker approved in clinical practice to guide patient selection for targeted treatment with trastuzumab in advanced gastric and gastro-esophageal junction cancers. More recently, immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of GEA and PD-L1 expression is now a biomarker required for the administration of pembrolizumab in these diseases. Significant progress has been made in recent years in dissecting the genomic makeup of GEA in order to identify distinct molecular subtypes linked to distinct patterns of molecular alterations. GEA have been found to be highly heterogeneous malignances, representing a challenge for biomarkers discovery and targeted treatment development. The current review focuses on an overview of established and novel promising biomarkers in GEA, covering recent molecular classifications from TCGA and ACRG. Main elements of molecular heterogeneity are discussed, as well as emerging mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to HER2 targeted ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2019·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Wei XuMin Xu
Jan 27, 2019·Cancer Cell International·Zhifa ZhangXuesong Zhang
May 13, 2020·Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer·Alberto PucciniMohamed E Salem
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Aug 1, 2021·Experimental Cell Research·Reihaneh Alsadat MahmoudianMohammad Reza Abbaszadegan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
exome sequencing
biopsy
surgical resections
xenograft

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01196390
NCT02205047
NCT02581462
NCT03400592
NCT02699606
NCT01791387
NCT01719549
NCT02268435
NCT02872116
NCT01772004

Software Mentioned

AVAGAST

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