Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Three Autophagy Genes, BxATG5 , BxATG9 , and BxATG16 , in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Hong-Bin LiuXiao-Qin Wu

Abstract

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the pathogen responsible for pine wilt disease (PWD), a devastating forest disease with a pathogenic mechanism that remains unclear. Autophagy plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotes, but its regulatory mechanism and significance in PWN are unknown. Therefore, we cloned and characterized three autophagy genes, BxATG5, BxATG9, and BxATG16, in PWN. BxATG9 and BxATG16 were efficiently silenced through RNA interference, and we found that BxATG16 positively regulated the expression of BxATG5. Silencing BxATG9 and BxATG16 severely inhibited feeding and reproduction in PWN, indicating that autophagy is essential for these processes. We then examined the expression patterns of these three autophagy genes in PWN under the stresses of α-pinene and H2O2, the main defense substances of pine trees, and during the development of PWD using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of BxATG5, BxATG9, and BxATG16 all significantly increased after nematodes were stressed with α-pinene and H2O2 and inoculated into pine trees, suggesting that autophagy plays an important role in the defense and pathogenesis ...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
MK387712

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
reverse transcription PCR
PCR
chips
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

TMHMM
SPSS
ExPASy
Excel
MEGA7
ABI Prism 7500
Blastx

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