Molecular effects of supraphysiological doses of doping agents on health

Molecular BioSystems
Esther ImperliniPasqualina Buono

Abstract

Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) gained wide popularity not only among sportsmen but also among specific subsets of population, such as adolescents. Apart from their claimed effects on athletic performance, they are very appealing due to the body shaping effect exerted on fat mass and fat-free mass. Besides the "underestimated" massive misuse of PEDs, the short- as well as long-term consequences of such habits remain largely unrecognized. They have been strictly associated with serious adverse effects, but molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Here, we analyze the current understanding of the molecular effects of supraphysiological doses of doping agents in healthy biological systems, at genomic and proteomic levels, in order to define the molecular sensors of organ/tissue impairment, determined by their misuse. The focus is put on the anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), specifically testosterone (T) and its most potent derivative dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and on the peptide hormones, specifically the growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A map of molecular targets is defined and the risk incidence for human health is taken into account.

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Citations

Jan 16, 2016·Drug Testing and Analysis·Mario ThevisWilhelm Schänzer
Oct 19, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Stefania OrrùEsther Imperlini
Aug 17, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Armando CeveniniEsther Imperlini
Nov 24, 2021·Journal of Molecular Medicine : Official Organ of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher Und Ärzte·Cláudia FerreiraRita Nogueira-Ferreira

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