Molecular Evolution of the Capsid Gene in Norovirus Genogroup I

Scientific Reports
Miho KobayashiHirokazu Kimura

Abstract

We studied the molecular evolution of the capsid gene in all genotypes (genotypes 1-9) of human norovirus (NoV) genogroup I. The evolutionary time scale and rate were estimated by the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. We also performed selective pressure analysis and B-cell linear epitope prediction in the deduced NoV GI capsid protein. Furthermore, we analysed the effective population size of the virus using Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis. A phylogenetic tree by MCMC showed that NoV GI diverged from the common ancestor of NoV GII, GIII, and GIV approximately 2,800 years ago with rapid evolution (about 10(-3) substitutions/site/year). Some positive selection sites and over 400 negative selection sites were estimated in the deduced capsid protein. Many epitopes were estimated in the deduced virus capsid proteins. An epitope of GI.1 may be associated with histo-blood group antigen binding sites (Ser377, Pro378, and Ser380). Moreover, BSP suggested that the adaptation of NoV GI strains to humans was affected by natural selection. The results suggested that NoV GI strains evolved rapidly and date back to many years ago. Additionally, the virus may have undergone locally affected natural selection in the host re...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 21, 2016·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·José M CuevasRafael Sanjuán
May 24, 2016·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Miranda de GraafMarion P G Koopmans
Jun 14, 2016·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Hirokazu KimuraAkihide Ryo
May 12, 2016·Microbiology and Immunology·Yoshiyuki SuzukiKazuhiko Katayama
Oct 23, 2016·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Keisuke YoshiharaLay-Myint Yoshida
Dec 21, 2017·Frontiers in Microbiology·Takumi MotoyaHirokazu Kimura
Jul 8, 2016·Scientific Reports·Miho KobayashiHirokazu Kimura
Jan 20, 2017·PLoS Pathogens·Gabriel I ParraKim Y Green

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Software Mentioned

BepiPred
FBCPRED
LEPS
NoroNet
IFEL
LBtope
KAKUSAN4
BEAST
Tracer
Datamonkey

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