Molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis and assembly of nutritionally important very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms

Progress in Lipid Research
Xiao QiuDauenpen Meesapyodsuk

Abstract

Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5-n3) are nutritionally important for humans and animals. De novo biosynthesis of these fatty acids mainly occurs in microorganisms and goes through either an aerobic pathway catalyzed by type I/II fatty acid synthase, desaturases and elongases or an anaerobic pathway catalyzed by a polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase. After synthesis, VLCPUFAs must be incorporated into glycerolipids for storage through acyl assembly processes. Understanding the mechanisms for the biosynthesis of VLCPUFAs and their incorporation into glycerolipids is important not only for developing a renewable, sustainable and environment-friendly source of these fatty acids in microorganisms, but also, for designing effective strategies for metabolic engineering of these fatty acids in heterologous systems. This review highlights recent findings which have increased our understanding of biosynthesis of VLCPUFAs and their incorporation into glycerolipids in microorganisms. Future directions in improving the production of VLCPUFAs in native microbial producers are also discussed along with transg...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 5, 2021·World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology·Huidan ZhangXiaojin Song
Oct 15, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Lijun ShenGuang Chen
Jan 19, 2022·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Chenyang ZhangEnqi Liu

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