Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression.

Frontiers in Immunology
Angelika SchmidtPeter H Krammer

Abstract

CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress other immune cells and, thus, are critical mediators of peripheral self-tolerance. On the one hand, Tregs avert autoimmune disease and allergies. On the other hand, Tregs can prevent immune reactions against tumors and pathogens. Despite the importance of Tregs, the molecular mechanisms of suppression remain incompletely understood and controversial. Proliferation and cytokine production of CD4(+)CD25(-) conventional T cells (Tcons) can be inhibited directly by Tregs. In addition, Tregs can indirectly suppress Tcon activation via inhibition of the stimulatory capacity of antigen presenting cells. Direct suppression of Tcons by Tregs can involve immunosuppressive soluble factors or cell contact. Different mechanisms of suppression have been described, so far with no consensus on one universal mechanism. Controversies might be explained by the fact that different mechanisms may operate depending on the site of the immune reaction, on the type and activation state of the suppressed target cell as well as on the Treg activation status. Further, inhibition of T cell effector function can occur independently of suppression of proliferation. In this review, we summarize ...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 20, 2012·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Andrea BaloghKatalin Lumniczky
Jul 14, 2012·Current Diabetes Reports·Bernd BaumannBernhard O Boehm
Oct 12, 2012·Autoimmune Diseases·Stuart K CalderwoodAyesha Murshid
Dec 3, 2014·BioDrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy·Abhishek TripathiLauren C Harshman
Jul 31, 2013·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Maria M Esterhuyse, Stefan He Kaufmann
Aug 29, 2012·Early Human Development·Chaodong LiuXin-Bo Sun
Apr 10, 2014·Immunological Reviews·Xiaomei YuanThomas R Malek
May 7, 2015·Cellular Immunology·Milos KosticAna Cvetanovic
Jul 7, 2015·Journal of Immunology Research·Gee Jun TyeMohd Nor Norazmi
Jun 17, 2015·Human Immunology·M Vitales-NoyolaR González-Amaro
Dec 9, 2014·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Jessica E Thaxton, Zihai Li
Mar 19, 2014·Tuberculosis·Amar SinghDipendra Kumar Mitra
Oct 12, 2014·Tuberculosis·Edward D ChanDiane J Ordway
Jul 16, 2016·Immunological Investigations·Maryam AzimiEisa Salehi
Nov 20, 2015·BioMed Research International·Lorenzo Islas-VazquezJose Sullivan Lopez-Gonzalez
Aug 9, 2016·Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·Ilinca PoppDan G Duda
Oct 4, 2016·Medical Hypotheses·Omar Valero-MonroyNicolas Serafin-Higuera
Oct 25, 2016·Cancer Letters·Shuai Jiang, Wei Yan
Aug 1, 2015·PloS One·Heather L Evans-MarinYingzi Cong
Feb 10, 2016·Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development·Phillip A DoerflerBarry J Byrne
Apr 4, 2017·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·T OuraT Kawai
Dec 22, 2016·Brazilian Oral Research·Fernando Antonio Portela da CunhaCassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka
Dec 22, 2012·International Immunology·Oliver Pabst

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
nuclear translocation

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Calcium & Bioenergetics

Bioenergetic processes, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis, concern the transformation of energy by cells. Here is the latest research on the role of calcium in bioenergetics.

Allergy and Asthma

Allergy and asthma are inflammatory disorders that are triggered by the activation of an allergen-specific regulatory t cell. These t cells become activated when allergens are recognized by allergen-presenting cells. Here is the latest research on allergy and asthma.