Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism

The Plant Cell
Antje RohdeW Boerjan

Abstract

The first enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, Phe ammonia-lyase (PAL), is encoded by four genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whereas PAL function is well established in various plants, an insight into the functional significance of individual gene family members is lacking. We show that in the absence of clear phenotypic alterations in the Arabidopsis pal1 and pal2 single mutants and with limited phenotypic alterations in the pal1 pal2 double mutant, significant modifications occur in the transcriptome and metabolome of the pal mutants. The disruption of PAL led to transcriptomic adaptation of components of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, revealing complex interactions at the level of gene expression between these pathways. Corresponding biochemical changes included a decrease in the three major flavonol glycosides, glycosylated vanillic acid, scopolin, and two novel feruloyl malates coupled to coniferyl alcohol. Moreover, Phe overaccumulated in the double mutant, and the levels of many other amino acids were significantly imbalanced. The lignin content was significantly reduced, and the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of lignin monomers had increased. Together, from the molecular ph...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 24, 2006·TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·Jeppe R AndersenThomas Lübberstedt
Nov 11, 2009·Plant Molecular Biology·Sabine GuillaumieVirginie Lauvergeat
Apr 16, 2005·Current Opinion in Biotechnology·Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey, Kazuki Saito
Jan 29, 2009·Nature Genetics·Wout Boerjan, Marnik Vuylsteke
Oct 3, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alvina Grace LaiPaul P Dijkwel
Nov 21, 2009·Plant Physiology·Bryan W PenningNicholas C Carpita
May 18, 2010·Plant Physiology·Ruben VanholmeWout Boerjan
Jun 18, 2010·Plant Physiology·Kris MorreelWout Boerjan
Jul 10, 2007·The Plant Cell·Bruno DombrechtKemal Kazan
Jan 5, 2008·BMC Plant Biology·Jeppe Reitan AndersenThomas Lübberstedt
Oct 1, 2009·BMC Plant Biology·Suvi SutelaHely Häggman

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