Molecular population genetics of redundant floral-regulatory genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Richard C MooreMichael D Purugganan

Abstract

Functional redundancy between duplicated genes is predicted to be transitory, as one gene either loses its function or gains a new function, or both genes accrue degenerative, yet complimentary mutations. Yet there are many examples where functional redundancy has been maintained between gene duplicates. To determine whether selection is acting on functionally redundant gene duplicates, we performed molecular evolution and population genetic analyses between two pairs of functionally redundant MADS-box genes from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana: SEPALLATA1 (SEP1) and SEPALLATA2 (SEP2), involved in floral organ identity, and SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1) and SHATTERPROOF2 (SHP2), involved in seed shattering. We found evidence for purifying selection acting to constrain functional divergence between paralogous genes. The protein evolution of both pairs of duplicate genes is functionally constrained, as evidenced by Ka/Ks ratios of 0.16 between paralogs. This functional constraint is stronger in the highly conserved DNA-binding and protein-binding MIK region than in the C-terminal region. We also assayed the evolutionary forces acting between orthologs of the SEP and SHP genes in A. thaliana and the closely related species, Arabidopsi...Continue Reading

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