Molecular regulatory mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis through cytoprotective enzymes

Redox Biology
H KanzakiY Nakamura

Abstract

It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, take part in osteoclast differentiation as intra-cellular signaling molecules. The current assumed signaling cascade from RANK to ROS production is RANK, TRAF6, Rac1, and then Nox. The target molecules of ROS in RANKL signaling remain unclear; however, several reports support the theory that NF-κB signaling could be the crucial downstream signaling molecule of RANKL-mediated ROS signaling. Furthermore, ROS exert cytotoxic effects such as peroxidation of lipids and phospholipids and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. Therefore, cells have several protective mechanisms against oxidative stressors that mainly induce cytoprotective enzymes and ROS scavenging. Three well-known mechanisms regulate cytoprotective enzymes including Nrf2-, FOXO-, and sirtuin-dependent mechanisms. Several reports have indicated a crosslink between FOXO- and sirtuin-dependent regulatory mechanisms. The agonists against the regulatory mechanisms are reported to induce these cytoprotective enzymes successfully. Some of them inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone destruction via attenuation of intracellular ROS signaling. In this review article, we disc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 23, 2016·Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy·Yahui Grace Chiu, Christopher T Ritchlin
Oct 25, 2017·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Yuuki YamaguchiYoshiki Nakamura
Feb 15, 2019·Cell Biology International·Mariana Pena Ribeiro SoaresMarcelo José Barbosa Silva
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Jul 25, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Taiwo Samuel Agidigbi, Chaekyun Kim
Sep 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Chia-Hung YenHui-Hua Hsiao
Oct 24, 2019·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Mohd Amir KamaruzzamanElvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
Sep 24, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Adam WłodarskiAgnieszka Śliwińska
Mar 9, 2021·Drug Discovery Today·Xin LiLing Ye
May 30, 2021·Kidney International·Guibao KeShuangxin Liu
Aug 21, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Zhou FanLinhu Ge
Aug 21, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Catrin S RutlandNigel P Mongan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear translocation

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