Molecular typing methods for the epidemiological identification of Clostridium difficile strains

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
S H CohenJ Silva

Abstract

Toxigenic Clostridium difficile is the etiologic agent of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Cross-infection between patients and transmission through the environment and medical personnel are important factors in the acquisition of CDAD. In order to understand differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis, a number of typing schemes have been developed. We will review the typing methods used to study the epidemiology of C. difficile infections and how they have evolved from a phenotypic identification to state of the art molecular methods, detecting genetic polymorphisms among strains. These molecular methods include PCR-based methods (arbitrarily primed-PCR [AP-PCR] and PCR ribotyping), restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The application, usefulness and feasibility of these methods are compared and discussed. Finally, the role of genomics as a tool to investigate CDAD is introduced.

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Citations

Jul 14, 2001·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·G AckermannS H Cohen
Apr 22, 2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Yajarayma J Tang-FeldmanStuart H Cohen
Jul 5, 2013·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Carey-Ann D Burnham, Karen C Carroll
Jul 10, 2003·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·G AckermannS H Cohen
May 17, 2006·Anaerobe·Yuli Song
Mar 24, 2010·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·Stuart H CohenUNKNOWN Infectious Diseases Society of America
Jan 28, 2005·Journal of Medical Microbiology·Renate J van den BergEd J Kuijper
Feb 27, 2003·Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology·Peter MeyerLennart Greiff
May 30, 2019·Emerging Microbes & Infections·Korakrit ImwattanaThomas V Riley

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