Molybdenum

Advances in Nutrition
Janet A Novotny, Catherine A Peterson

Abstract

Molybdenum, a trace element essential for micro-organisms, plants, and animals, was discovered in 1778 by a Swedish chemist named Karl Scheele. Initially mistaken for lead, molybdenum was named after the Greek work molybdos, meaning lead-like. In the 1930s, it was recognized that ingestion of forage with high amounts of molybdenum by cattle caused a debilitating condition. In the 1950s, the essentiality of molybdenum was established with the discovery of the first molybdenum-containing enzymes. In humans, only 4 enzymes requiring molybdenum have been identified to date: sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC). Sulfite oxidase, an enzyme found in mitochondria, catalyzes oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, the final step in oxidation of sulfur amino acids (cysteine and methionine). Xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and further converts xanthine to uric acid, preventing hypoxanthine, formed from spontaneous deamination of adenine, from leading to DNA mutations if paired with cytosine in place of thymine. Aldehyde oxidase is abundant in the liver and is an important enzyme in phase 1 drug metabolism. Finally, mARC, discovered less than a decade ago, w...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1980·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·T A TsongasW R Chappell
Dec 22, 2006·The Journal of Nutrition·Janet A Novotny, Judith R Turnlund
Jul 15, 2009·Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine·George J BrewerMatthew T Lorincz
Dec 15, 2015·Molecular Genetics and Metabolism·Paldeep S Atwal, Fernando Scaglia
May 13, 2017·BioFactors·Angel LlamasEmilio Fernandez

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Citations

Dec 19, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jacek BajHanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
Jan 10, 2021·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Aimin JiangZhengkai Wei
Jan 17, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Shengju YinAiguo Ren
Apr 4, 2021·Journal of Fungi·Janelle R RobinsonFelicia N Anike

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