Monitoring trees outside forests: a review

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Sebastian SchnellGöran Ståhl

Abstract

Trees outside forests (TOFs) are an important natural resource that contributes substantially to national biomass and carbon stocks and to the livelihood of people in many regions. Over the last decades, decision makers have become increasingly aware of the importance of TOF, and as a consequence, this tree resource is nowadays often considered in forest monitoring systems. Our review shows that in many cases, TOF are included in national forest inventories, applying traditional methodologies with relatively sparse networks of field sample plots. Only in some countries, such as India, the design of the inventories has considered the special features of how TOFs occur in the landscape. Several research studies utilising remote sensing for monitoring TOF have been conducted lately, but very few studies include comparative studies to optimise sampling strategies for TOF. Our review indicates that methods combining remote sensing and field surveys appear to be very promising, especially when remote sensing techniques that assess both the horizontal and vertical structures of tree resources are applied. For example, two-phase sampling strategies with laser scanning in the first phase and a field survey in the second phase appear to ...Continue Reading

References

Jul 25, 2003·Journal of Environmental Management·Roderick John FenshamPaul C Cavallaro
Feb 27, 2009·Ecology Letters·Jerome ChaveAmy E Zanne
May 6, 2011·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Piermaria CoronaWalter Mattioli
Jun 30, 2011·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Andrew J ListerSteven Rasmussen
Jul 19, 2011·Science·Yude PanDaniel Hayes
Nov 2, 2011·Biometrics·Anton GrafströmLina Schelin
Oct 18, 2013·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Lutz FehrmannChristoph Kleinn
May 13, 2014·Global Change Biology·Jérôme ChaveGhislain Vieilledent
Dec 18, 2014·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Sebastian SchnellChristoph Kleinn

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Citations

Apr 14, 2021·Scientific Reports·Nathan ThomasLola Fatoyinbo
Oct 16, 2020·Nature·Martin BrandtRasmus Fensholt

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