Monolayer Solid-State Electrolyte for Electric Double Layer Gating of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

ACS Nano
Ke XuSusan K Fullerton-Shirey

Abstract

The electrostatic gating of graphene field-effect transistors is demonstrated using a monolayer electrolyte. The electrolyte, cobalt crown ether phthalocyanine (CoCrPc) and LiClO4, is deposited as a monolayer on the graphene channel, essentially creating an additional two-dimensional layer on top of graphene. The crown ethers on the CoCrPc solvate lithium ions and the ion location is modulated by a backgate without requiring liquid solvent. Ions dope the channel by inducing image charges; the doping level (i.e., induced charge density) can be modulated by the backgate bias with the extent of the surface potential change being controlled by the magnitude and polarity of the backgate bias. With a crown ether to Li+ ratio of 5:1, programming tests for which the backgate is held at -VBG shift the Dirac point by ∼15 V, corresponding to a sheet carrier density on the order of 1012 cm-2. This charge carrier density agrees with the packing density of monolayer CoCrPc on graphene that would be expected with one Li+ for every five crown ethers (at the maximum possible Li+ concentration, 1013 cm-2 is predicted). The crown ethers provide two stable states for the Li+: one near the graphene channel (low-resistance state) and one ∼5 Å away f...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 18, 2017·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Erich W KinderSusan K Fullerton-Shirey
Nov 14, 2018·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Ke XuSusan K Fullerton-Shirey
Sep 6, 2019·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Ke XuSusan K Fullerton-Shirey
Oct 30, 2019·Nano Letters·Jierui LiangSusan K Fullerton-Shirey

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