Monophosphoryl Lipid A and Pam3Cys Prevent the Increase in Seizure Susceptibility and Epileptogenesis in Rats Undergoing Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurochemical Research
Soghra HesamM Sayyah

Abstract

Five percent of all epilepsy cases are attributed to traumatic brain injury (TBI), which are known as post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Finding preventive strategies for PTE is valuable. Remarkable feature of TBI is activation of microglia and subsequent neuroinflammation, which provokes epileptogenesis. The toll-like receptor agonists monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and tri-palmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine (Pam3Cys) are safe, well-tolerated and effective adjuvants existing in prophylactic human vaccines. We examined the impact of early injection of MPL and Pam3Cys to rats, on the rate of kindled seizures acquisition following TBI. Rats received a single dose (1 µg/rat) of MPL or Pam3Cys through intracerebroventricular injection. 5 days later, trauma was exerted to temporo-parietal cortex of rats by controlled cortical impact device. After 24 h, traumatic rats underwent amygdala kindling. Brain level of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was also measured in traumatic rats by immunoblotting. Compared to non-traumatic (sham-operated) rats, traumatic rats showed three times lower seizure threshold (133 ± 5 µA vs. 416.3 ± 16 µA, p < 0.001); about three times less number of stimuli to become kindled (5 ± 1 vs. 14 ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1992·Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler·J KellnerU Lösch
Mar 1, 1972·Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology·R J Racine
Aug 31, 2002·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·Paul BaldrickAlan W Wheeler
Aug 6, 2003·Expert Review of Vaccines·Jay T EvansJory R Baldridge
Sep 24, 2008·Neuroscience·B J MarshM P Stenzel-Poore
Oct 30, 2009·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Arnaud M DidierlaurentNathalie Garçon
May 22, 2010·Seminars in Immunology·Thomas W Dubensky, Steven G Reed
Aug 18, 2010·Vaccine·Folkert SteinhagenDennis M Klinman
Apr 7, 2011·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Luca LonghiMaria-Grazia De Simoni
Jun 29, 2011·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Chen LuChuanfu Li
Apr 16, 2013·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Martin RosewichStefan Zielen
Dec 11, 2013·Translational Stroke Research·Shoji YokoboriM Ross Bullock
Feb 21, 2014·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Asla Pitkänen, Riikka Immonen
Apr 9, 2014·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·Raffaella GesueteMary P Stenzel-Poore
Mar 4, 2015·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Antoine LarochelleSerge Rivest
Sep 1, 2015·Neurological Research·Mansoureh EslamiMahmoudreza Hadjighassem
Dec 1, 2015·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Mansoureh EslamiMahmoudreza Hadjighassem
Jun 29, 2016·Clinical & Translational Immunology·Jennifer K Dowling, Ashley Mansell
Jan 15, 2017·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Kyria M WebsterBridgette D Semple

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 20, 2020·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Sanjib MukherjeeLee A Shapiro
Jan 6, 2019·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·Niloufar YousefiHamid Gholami Pourbadie
Mar 13, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience·Shaunik SharmaAlexander G Bassuk
May 26, 2021·Epilepsia Open·Jesús-Servando Medel-MatusAndrey Mazarati
Jun 2, 2020·ACS Chemical Neuroscience·Alina Arulsamy, Mohd Farooq Shaikh
Jan 12, 2022·The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology·Fu LiChao Huang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Graph Pad Prism
Image J
GraphPad
Biochart

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

ApoE, Lipids & Cholesterol

Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (APOB)-containing lipoproteins (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), immediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein A (LPA)) and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio are all connected in diseases. Here is the latest research.

Anti-inflammatory Treatments

A drug or substance that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body. Anti-inflammatory agents block certain substances in the body that cause inflammation and swelling. Discover the latest research on anti-inflammatory treatments here

Amygdala: Sensory Processes

Amygdalae, nuclei clusters located in the temporal lobe of the brain, play a role in memory, emotional responses, and decision-making. Here is the latest research on sensory processes in the amygdala.

Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.

Amygdala and Midbrain Dopamine

The midbrain dopamine system is widely studied for its involvement in emotional and motivational behavior. Some of these neurons receive information from the amygdala and project throughout the cortex. When the circuit and transmission of dopamine is disrupted symptoms may present. Here is the latest research on the amygdala and midbrain dopamine.