Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives in Carbonaceous Meteorites: A Scenario for Their Synthesis and Onset of Enantiomeric Excesses

Life
G CooperMichel Nuevo

Abstract

Carbonaceous meteorites provide the best glimpse into the solar system's earliest physical and chemical processes. These ancient objects, ~4.56 billion years old, contain evidence of phenomena ranging from solar system formation to the synthesis of organic compounds by aqueous and (likely) low-temperature photolytic reactions. Collectively, chemical reactions resulted in an insoluble kerogen-like carbon phase and a complex mixture of discrete soluble compounds including amino acids, nucleobases, and monosaccharide (or "sugar") derivatives. This review presents the documented search for sugars and their derivatives in carbonaceous meteorites. We examine early papers, published in the early 1960s, and note the analytical methods used for meteorite analysis as well as conclusions on the results. We then present the recent finding of sugar derivatives including sugar alcohols and several sugar acids: The latter compounds were found to possess unusual "d" enantiomeric (mirror-image) excesses. After discussions on the possible roles of interstellar grain chemistry and meteorite parent body aqueous activity in the synthesis of sugar derivatives, we present a scenario that suggests that most of Earth's extraterrestrial sugar alcohols (...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 20, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Yoshihiro FurukawaTomoki Nakamura
Nov 20, 2019·Chemical Reviews·Daniel P GlavinJason P Dworkin

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
infrared spectroscopy
light scattering

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