More Than One-to-Four via 2R: Evidence of an Independent Amphioxus Expansion and Two-Gene Ancestral Vertebrate State for MyoD-Related Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs).

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Madeleine E Aase-RemediosDavid E K Ferrier

Abstract

The evolutionary transition from invertebrates to vertebrates involved extensive gene duplication, but understanding precisely how such duplications contributed to this transition requires more detailed knowledge of specific cases of genes and gene families. Myogenic differentiation (MyoD) has long been recognized as a master developmental control gene and member of the MyoD family of bHLH transcription factors (myogenic regulatory factors [MRFs]) that drive myogenesis across the bilaterians. Phylogenetic reconstructions within this gene family are complicated by multiple instances of gene duplication and loss in several lineages. Following two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R WGD) at the origin of the vertebrates, the ancestral function of MRFs is thought to have become partitioned among the daughter genes, so that MyoD and Myf5 act early in myogenic determination, whereas Myog and Myf6 are expressed later, in differentiating myoblasts. Comparing chordate MRFs, we find an independent expansion of MRFs in the invertebrate chordate amphioxus, with evidence for a parallel instance of subfunctionalization relative to that of vertebrates. Conserved synteny between chordate MRF loci supports the 2R WGD events as a major force ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 28, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Luok Wen YongJr-Kai Yu
Jun 8, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·João E CarvalhoMichael Schubert
Aug 3, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Noriyuki SatohKoki Nishitsuji

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

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Jalview
BLAST
TreeAnnotator
TBlastN
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Excel
Ensembl
IQ
TREE
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