Morphine stimulates nitric oxide release in human mitochondria

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
George B StefanoRichard M Kream

Abstract

The expression of morphine by plants, invertebrate, and vertebrate cells and organ systems, strongly indicates a high level of evolutionary conservation of morphine and related morphinan alkaloids as required for life. The prototype catecholamine, dopamine, serves as an essential chemical intermediate in morphine biosynthesis, both in plants and animals. We surmise that, before the emergence of specialized plant and animal cells/organ systems, primordial multi-potential cell types required selective mechanisms to limit their responsiveness to environmental cues. Accordingly, cellular systems that emerged with the potential for recruitment of the free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) as a multi-faceted autocrine/paracrine signaling molecule, were provided with extremely positive evolutionary advantages. Endogenous morphinergic signaling, in concert with NO-coupled signaling systems, has evolved as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of metabolic homeostasis, energy metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and energy production. Basic physiological processes involving morphinergic/NO-coupled regulation of mitochondrial function, with special emphasis on the cardiovascular system, are critical to all organismic survival. Key to this concep...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 11, 2008·PloS One·Arnaud MullerYannick Goumon
Jul 22, 2016·Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research·George B Stefano, Richard M Kream
Jan 29, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Medicine·George B Stefano, Richard M Kream

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