PMID: 8600170Nov 1, 1995Paper

Morphological features and activation patterns of motor units

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
R M Enoka

Abstract

The force that a muscle exerts depends on which motor units have been recruited and at what rate they are discharging action potentials. Because of differences in motor-unit morphology (innervation ratio, average cross-sectional area, specific force, and geometric distribution of muscle fibers), the maximum motor-unit force within a motor-neuron pool is not constant but rather can vary by approximately 50 times. Consequently, muscle force is affected by which motor units have been activated. Similarly, the rate at which a motor neuron discharges action potentials depends on the pattern and quantity of the synaptic input it receives and its intrinsic frequency-current relation. The force that a single motor unit can exert will vary by approximately 3 to 15 times when discharge rate is increased from a minimum to a maximum. In the performance of voluntary contractions, therefore, humans appear to have an infinite number of combinations of motor-unit recruitment and discharge rate that can be used to vary muscle force. However, control strategies have evolved that reduce these options substantially. From experiments on low-force, isometric contractions, it appears that the recruitment order of motor units is relatively fixed and t...Continue Reading

Citations

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