Morphology and physiological significance of parathyroid glands in reptilia

Microscopy Research and Technique
A K SrivastavN Suzuki

Abstract

Adult reptiles possess one or two pairs of parathyroid glands that have been shown in many species to derive from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, respectively. Up to five pairs may develop during early embryonic life. Excess glands may involute during late embryogenesis. The location of the parathyroid glands differs in the various species. As a general rule, they lie just anterior to the heart, the anterior pair (parathyroid III) being associated with the carotid artery, the posterior pair (parathyroid IV) with the aortic arch. In snakes, however, the anterior pair (parathyroid III) is associated with the carotid artery near the angle of the jaw. As shown by light microscopy and, to a lesser extent, by electron microscopy, the parathyroid parenchyma comprises secretory cells which may form dark and light variants, occasional oxyphil cells, and stellate cells. They are arranged in cords separated by connective tissue containing a capillary network. Parathyroid secretory cells often form follicles which might be the result of degeneration. Degeneration may occur as a form of involution during winter in species undergoing seasonal changes. The product of parathyroid cells, the parathyroid hormone, is responsible for the ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 11, 1999·Anatomia, histologia, embryologia·A K SrivastavN Suzuki
Jan 1, 2008·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice·Sam Rivera, Brad Lock
Sep 4, 2008·Microscopy Research and Technique·Seema Yadav, Ajai K Srivastav
Feb 11, 1999·The Anatomical Record·J I Haynes

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