Morphometry of the orbital region soft tissues in Down syndrome

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Chiarella SforzaVirgilio F Ferrario

Abstract

The orbital region of subjects with Down syndrome (DS) has been scanty described so far. We wanted to detail the morphologic characteristics of the soft tissue orbital region in Italian and North Sudanese subjects with DS. The three-dimensional coordinates of 10 landmarks on the orbital soft tissues were obtained using computerized anthropometry in 53 Italian and 64 North Sudanese subjects with DS aged 4 to 52 years, and in 461 (Italian) and 682 (North Sudanese) sex- and age-matched controls. From the landmarks, linear distances, ratios, areas, and angles were calculated, z scores computed, and compared by t-tests and analyses of covariance. In North Sudanese DS subjects, intercanthal width and height-to-length ratio were increased; biorbital width, eye height, length, and area were reduced. Eye fissure and orbital inclinations relative to Frankfort plane were reduced, whereas orbital inclinations versus the true horizontal were increased. In Italian DS men, orbital height and height-to-length ratio were increased, eye length was decreased; orbital inclination versus the true horizontal was increased. For almost all measurements, a significant effect of age was found. No effects of sex were found. Ethnic group influenced orbita...Continue Reading

References

Sep 10, 2002·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Leslie G FarkasChristopher R Forrest
Jun 7, 2005·The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery·Jayanth KunjurV Ilankovan

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Citations

Dec 3, 2013·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Chiarella SforzaFadil Elamin
Oct 3, 2014·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Chiarella SforzaFadil Elamin
Nov 23, 2016·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Valentina PucciarelliChiarella Sforza

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