Mosquito saliva alone has profound effects on the human immune system

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Megan B VogtRebecca Rico-Hesse

Abstract

Mosquito saliva is a very complex concoction of >100 proteins, many of which have unknown functions. The effects of mosquito saliva proteins injected into our skin during blood feeding have been studied mainly in mouse models of injection or biting, with many of these systems producing results that may not be relevant to human disease. Here, we describe the numerous effects that mosquito bites have on human immune cells in mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells. We used flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine bead array assays, with detailed statistical analyses, to detect small but significant variations in immune cell functions after 4 mosquitoes fed on humanized mice footpads. After preliminary analyses, at different early times after biting, we focused on assessing innate immune and subsequent cellular responses at 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after mosquito bites. We detected both Th1 and Th2 human immune responses, and delayed effects on cytokine levels in the blood, and immune cell compositions in the skin and bone marrow, up to 7 days post-bites. These are the first measurements of this kind, with human immune responses in whole animals, bitten by living mosquitoes, versus previous studies using incomplete mou...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·David GuerreroDorothée Missé
Sep 29, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Berlin Londono-RenteriaAudrey E Lenhart
Sep 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alexander S GoldTonya M Colpitts
May 1, 2021·Vaccines·Olayinka OlajigaBerlin Londono-Renteria
Jun 3, 2021·Cells·Abenaya Muralidharan, St Patrick Reid
Jun 10, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Brianne M HiblRebecca R Rico-Hesse
Jun 18, 2021·Life Science Alliance·Joshua BlightJake Baum
Jul 2, 2021·Annual Review of Microbiology·Carola SchäferStefan H I Kappe

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
Transgenic

Software Mentioned

Prism
Bio
Plex Manager
GraphPad
GraphPad Prism
FlowJo
xPonent

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