Motor or sensor: a new aspect of primary cilia function

Anatomical Science International
Takahiko Yokoyama

Abstract

Cilia are hair-like structures that protrude from the surface of the cell and are evolutionary well conserved. The characteristic feature of cilia is their motility and, in ciliated epithelia such as the trachea, their principal function is to transport materials along the cell surface. Each epithelial cell has many cilia on its surface. As well as this multiple form of motile cilia seen in the epithelium, there are primary cilia, also known as a monocilium because each cell has only one cilium. These types of cilia are thought to be non-motile because they lack a central pair of microtubules, are anomalous and have no function. However, recent studies have shown that primary cilia are involved in both developmental and pathological processes, including the establishment of left-right asymmetry and polycystic kidney disease. During development, cells in the node rotate their primary cilia to produce an extracellular current that is essential for the determination of left-right asymmetry of the body. In the kidney, primary cilia act as mechanosensors to detect fluid flow. Without such cilia, the kidney develops multiple cysts that eventually destroy kidney function. Furthermore, studies have identified a variety of proteins that...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 17, 2007·Journal of Biosciences·Steven Vogel
Sep 26, 2006·Tissue Engineering·Ken KobayashiKoichi Omori
Jun 6, 2007·The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine·Takuji MiyasakaMakoto Chishima
Oct 2, 2009·HFSP Journal·Julyan H E CartwrightIdan Tuval
May 23, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jingsong XuHenry R Bourne
May 23, 2016·Transgenic Research·Maarit S PatrikainenSeppo Parkkila
Mar 25, 2016·Experimental Brain Research·Mitsuhiro NitoAkira Naito
Aug 11, 2010·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Jaakko V I TimonenRobin H A Ras

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