Movement of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Western United States, 2014- 2018.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Daniele M SwetnamLark L Coffey

Abstract

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a flavivirus that circulates in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes and can also infect humans to cause febrile disease and sometimes encephalitis. Although SLEV is endemic to the United States, no activity was detected in California during the years 2004 through 2014, despite continuous surveillance in mosquitoes and sentinel chickens. In 2015, SLEV-positive mosquito pools were detected in Maricopa County, Arizona, concurrent with an outbreak of human SLEV disease. SLEV-positive mosquito pools were also detected in southeastern California and Nevada in summer 2015. From 2016 to 2018, SLEV was detected in mosquito pools throughout southern and central California, Oregon, Idaho, and Texas. To understand genetic relatedness and geographic dispersal of SLEV in the western United States since 2015, we sequenced four historical genomes (3 from California and 1 from Louisiana) and 26 contemporary SLEV genomes from mosquito pools from locations across the western US. Bayesian phylogeographic approaches were then applied to map the recent spread of SLEV. Three routes of SLEV dispersal in the western United States were identified: Arizona to southern California, Arizona to Central Califo...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
EF158049
904.3
EF158051
GMO
EF158052
KX258462
KX965720
MN233330
MN233306-MN233335
FJ753286

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
phylogenetic studies

Software Mentioned

rnaturalearth
TempEST
Sequencher® DNA Sequence Analysis
ggplot
Sequencher
WorldClim
LogCombiner
R
dismo
FigTree

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