MR imaging findings in some rare neurological complications of paediatric cancer

Insights Into Imaging
Tetsuhiko OkabeYasuyuki Kurihara

Abstract

Neurological complications of paediatric cancers are a substantial problem. Complications can be primary from central nervous system (CNS) spread or secondary from indirect or remote effects of cancer, as well as cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In this review, we present the clinical and imaging findings of rare but important neurological complications in paediatric patients with cancer. Neurological complications are classified into three phases: pre-treatment, treatment and post-remission. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, hyperviscosity syndrome, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and infection are found in the pre-treatment phase, while Trousseau's syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and methotrexate neurotoxicity are found in the treatment phase; though some complications overlap between the pre-treatment and treatment phases. Hippocampal sclerosis, radiation induced tumour, radiation induced focal haemosiderin deposition and radiation-induced white matter injury are found in the post-remission phase. With increasingly long survival after treatment, CNS complications have become more common. It is critical for radiologists to recognise neurological complications relate...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 20, 2019·Insights Into Imaging·Trevor GauntSusan C Shelmerdine
Apr 23, 2021·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Nicholas S PhillipsNicole J Ullrich
Aug 5, 2021·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Cormac SouthamChris Hahn

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