MR imaging of patellar instability: injury patterns and assessment of risk factors

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Gerd DiederichsSven Scheffler

Abstract

First-time patellar dislocation typically occurs with twisting knee motions, during which the medial ligamentous stabilizers rupture, and the patella strikes against the lateral femoral condyle. The typical injury pattern is a tear of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and bone bruises of the patella and the lateral femoral condyle. Additionally, complex injuries to bone, cartilage, and ligaments may occur. The ensuing loss of medial restraint favors future patellar dislocations, especially if additional risk factors are present. Recurrent patellar dislocations usually occur in individuals with anatomic variants of the patellar stabilizers, such as trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and lateralization of the tibial tuberosity. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is reliable in identifying risk factors for chronic patellar instability and in assessing knee joint damage associated with patellar dislocation. MR imaging can thus provide important information for individually tailored treatment. Patients with primary patellar dislocation without severe internal derangement who lack major risk factors can be treated conservatively. Patients with pronounced ligamentous tears or large osteochondral lesions require prompt surgery. In...Continue Reading

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