MR in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis: an overview

European Journal of Radiology
Alex Rovira, Adelaida León

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, persistent inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that typically presents as an acute clinically isolated syndrome attributable to a monofocal or multifocal demyelinating lesion, which usually affects the optic nerve, spinal cord, or brainstem and cerebellum. Although the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is still based on clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging is now integrated in the overall diagnostic scheme of the disease because of its unique sensitivity to demonstrate the spatial and temporal dissemination of demyelinating plaques in the brain and spinal cord. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences are highly sensitive in detecting multiple sclerosis plaques and provide a quantitative assessment of inflammatory activity and lesion load. However, there is a persisting mismatch between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging efficacy of approved treatments, which underlies the fact that this technique does not suffice to explain the entire spectrum of the disease process. In recent years, great effort has been dedicated to overcoming these limitations by using non-conventional magnet...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 12, 2009·Neuroradiology·Mike P Wattjes, Frederik Barkhof
Dec 20, 2011·Neuroradiology·Xavier LladóAlex Rovira
Mar 4, 2014·Multiple Sclerosis International·Silvia Messina, Francesco Patti
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