MreB filaments align along greatest principal membrane curvature to orient cell wall synthesis

ELife
Saman HussainEthan C Garner

Abstract

MreB is essential for rod shape in many bacteria. Membrane-associated MreB filaments move around the rod circumference, helping to insert cell wall in the radial direction to reinforce rod shape. To understand how oriented MreB motion arises, we altered the shape of Bacillus subtilis. MreB motion is isotropic in round cells, and orientation is restored when rod shape is externally imposed. Stationary filaments orient within protoplasts, and purified MreB tubulates liposomes in vitro, orienting within tubes. Together, this demonstrates MreB orients along the greatest principal membrane curvature, a conclusion supported with biophysical modeling. We observed that spherical cells regenerate into rods in a local, self-reinforcing manner: rapidly propagating rods emerge from small bulges, exhibiting oriented MreB motion. We propose that the coupling of MreB filament alignment to shape-reinforcing peptidoglycan synthesis creates a locally-acting, self-organizing mechanism allowing the rapid establishment and stable maintenance of emergent rod shape.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
atomic force microscopy
fluorescence microscopy
X-ray
phase
electron
single cell microscopy
confocal microscopy
glycosylation
Fluorescence
phase contrast microscopy

Software Mentioned

uTrack
IMOD
MATLAB
MATLAB script
TrackMate
FIJI
Chimera
Simple LAP Tracker
SerialEM
Morphometrics

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