MRI and M/EEG studies of the White Matter Development in Human Fetuses and Infants: Review and Opinion

Brain Plasticity
J DuboisG Dehaene-Lambertz

Abstract

Already during the last trimester of gestation, functional responses are recorded in foetuses and preterm newborns, attesting an already complex cerebral architecture. Then throughout childhood, anatomical connections are further refined but at different rates and over asynchronous periods across functional networks. Concurrently, infants gradually achieve new psychomotor and cognitive skills. Only the recent use of non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) has opened the possibility to understand the relationships between brain maturation and skills development in vivo. In this review, we describe how these techniques have been applied to study the white matter maturation. At the structural level, the early architecture and myelination of bundles have been assessed with diffusion and relaxometry MRI, recently integrated in multi-compartment models and multi-parametric approaches. Nevertheless, technical limitations prevent us to map major developmental mechanisms such as fibers growth and pruning, and the progressive maturation at the bundle scale in case of mixing trajectories. At the functional level, M/EEG have been used to record different visual, somat...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 25, 2019·Glia·Sonya BellsDonald J Mabbott
Oct 9, 2019·Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : TMRI·András Jakab
May 19, 2020·Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI·Jessica DuboisManon J N L Benders
May 13, 2018·Brain Structure & Function·P BarttfeldG Dehaene-Lambertz
Jan 26, 2021·Science China. Life Sciences·Luodi Yu, Suiping Wang
Nov 26, 2019·Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America·Jilda N Vargus-Adams
Dec 29, 2020·Cerebral Cortex·Jean-Pierre ChangeuxClaus C Hilgetag
Mar 7, 2020·Neuron·George A MashourStanislas Dehaene
Mar 19, 2021·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Michael EyreA David Edwards

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques

Software Mentioned

NODDI
AxCaliber
CHARMED

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