Mucosa: Key Interactions Determining Sexual Transmission of the HIV Infection

Frontiers in Immunology
Sandra M GonzalezMaria T Rugeles

Abstract

In the context of HIV sexual transmission at the genital mucosa, initial interactions between the virus and the mucosal immunity determine the outcome of the exposure. Hence, these interactions have been deeply explored in attempts to undercover potential targets for developing preventative strategies. The knowledge gained has led to propose a hypothetical model for mucosal HIV transmission. Subsequent research studies on this topic further revealed new mechanisms and identified new host-HIV interactions. This review aims at integrating these findings to inform better and update the current model of HIV transmission. At the earliest stage of virus exposure, the epithelial integrity and the presence of antiviral factors are critical in preventing viral entry to the submucosa. However, the virus has been shown to enter to the submucosa in the presence of physical abrasion or via epithelial transmigration using paracellular passage or transcytosis mechanisms. The efficiency of these processes is greater with cell-associated viral inoculums and can be influenced by the presence of viral and immune factors, and by the structure of the exposed epithelium. Once the virus reaches the submucosa, dendritic cells and fibroblasts, as recen...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 21, 2019·Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation·Sandra M GonzalezMaria T Rugeles
Oct 30, 2019·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Ana C PaimNathan W Cummins
Feb 8, 2020·Physiological Reviews·Anna Le TortorecNathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
Jan 28, 2021·Microorganisms·Jean-François BruxelleRalph Pantophlet
Apr 4, 2021·Vaccines·Laurence Blondin-LadrieMichel Roger
Apr 6, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Varsha M PrabhuVainav Patel
Nov 19, 2020·Immunity·Samuel W KazerAlex K Shalek

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