Mucosal HIV transmission and vaccination strategies through oral compared with vaginal and rectal routes.

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
Mingke Yu, Michael Vajdy

Abstract

There are currently over thirty million people infected with HIV and there are no vaccines available to prevent HIV infections or disease. The genitourinary, rectal and oral mucosa are the mucosal HIV transmission routes. An effective vaccine that can induce both systemic and local mucosal immunity is generally accepted as a major means of protection against mucosal HIV transmission and AIDS. Structure and cells that comprise the oral, vaginal and rectal mucosa pertaining to HIV transmission and vaccination strategies through each mucosal route to prevent mucosal and systemic infection will be discussed. Covering publications from 1980s through 2010, mucosal transmission of HIV and current and previous approaches to vaccinations are discussed. Although oral transmission of HIV is far less common than vaginal and rectal transmissions, infections through this route do occur through oral sex as well as vertically from mother to child. Mucosal vaccination strategies against oral and other mucosal HIV transmissions are under intensive research but the lack of consensus on immune correlates of protection and lack of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems hamper progress towards a licensed vaccine.

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Citations

Jan 10, 2012·Plant Molecular Biology·Néstor Rubio-InfanteSergio Rosales-Mendoza
Jun 4, 2013·Biomaterials·Abhijit A Date, Christopher J Destache
Sep 10, 2014·Viruses·Iskra Tuero, Marjorie Robert-Guroff
Jun 20, 2012·Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery·Inderjit Jabbal-GillAlan Smith
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Jul 3, 2017·Molecular Immunology·M P ReichhardtS Meri
Jul 3, 2021·Pharmaceutics·Tomasz OsmałekBozena Michniak-Kohn

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